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What Is a Born Again Evangelical Catholic

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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, come across Born Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Born once again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, peculiarly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the homo spirit. In contrast to one's physical birth, existence "born once again" is distinctly and separately caused by baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused by baptism in water. Information technology is a cadre doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "Yous must exist born again before y'all can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines likewise mandate that to be both "built-in again" and "saved", i must take a personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [2] [three] [four] [5] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is singled-out from like terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with h2o and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "born again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often state that they accept a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [5] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who do non profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "built-in again" and do non accept a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should evangelize to non-Evangelical Christians in the same manner that they would evangelize to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in once more" is too used as an adjective to draw individual members of the movement who espouse this belief, and information technology is besides used as an adjective to draw the movement itself ("born-over again Christian" and the "built-in-again movement").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an outcome in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you lot, no one tin see the kingdom of God unless they are built-in again." "How can someone exist born when they are former?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother'due south womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John affiliate iii, verses 3–v, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The give-and-take translated as again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "over again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a figure of speech that the gospel writer uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then antiseptic by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes only the literal meaning from Jesus's statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more than of a spiritual rebirth from above. English language translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version apply "born over again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English language Translation[11] prefer the "built-in from to a higher place" translation.[12] Most versions volition note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from above" is to be preferred as the fundamental pregnant and he drew attending to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[thirteen] "birth from God",[xiv] just maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life every bit given by God himself.[15]

The final use of the phrase occurs in the Showtime Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned beloved of the brethren, [see that ye] honey one another with a pure heart fervently: / Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the discussion of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—one Peter 1:22-23[16]

Hither, the Greek give-and-take translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the hope of conservancy is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, concrete lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must have two births—natural birth of the physical body and some other of the h2o and the spirit.[18] This soapbox with Nicodemus established the Christian conventionalities that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must exist "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Campaigner Peter further reinforced this understanding in 1 Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the primitive church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Apostle Paul's] teaching in one instance that all who are Christ'southward by organized religion are Abraham'due south seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective change wrought in the soul past the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such every bit new birth, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "nativity" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" existence a more accurate translation of the original Greek discussion transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The accent "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attending to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the discussion "again" does not include the source of the new kind of outset;
  2. More than personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must exist from God."[23]

An early example of the term in its more mod employ appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Nascence he writes, "none can be holy unless he be born again", and "except he be born once more, none can be happy even in this globe. For ... a human should non exist happy who is not holy." Likewise, "I say, [a man] may exist born over again and and so become an heir of conservancy." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born again, just for adults information technology is different:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born again. ... Simply ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are non at the same time born again.[24]

A Unitarian piece of work called The Gospel Ballast noted in the 1830s that the phrase was non mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded past any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." Information technology adds that without John, "we should hardly accept known that it was necessary for one to be born over again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to utilize to Nicodemus specially, and not to the earth."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus match the historical events they are based on, mostly treat Jesus's conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a individual chat betwixt Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attending, making it unclear how a record of this conversation was acquired. In add-on, the chat is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] Co-ordinate to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the aforementioned problem English language translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language as well: there is no single discussion in Aramaic that ways both "again" and "from above", yet the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, there is no reason to call back that they'd accept spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real conversation, the author of John heavily modified information technology to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-once more question on three occasions ... 'Would you say you have been 'born once more' or accept had a 'born-over again' feel?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with about two-thirds of each grouping answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only virtually i third of mainline Protestants and one sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) merits a born-again experience." However, the handbook suggests that "born-once more questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who study a born-again experience also merits it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John 3 was consistently interpreted by the early church fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Modern Catholic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born once again'[30] is clarified as 'being born of water and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the outset of this new life, are said to come up about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking place through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "announcement of the Give-and-take, credence of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new brute and an adopted son of God;[34] information technology incorporates them into the Torso of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an enduring marker on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin tin can erase this marking, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation. Given once for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the movement of grace. "The starting time piece of work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, human being turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church likewise teaches that under special circumstances the need for water baptism tin can be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul Two wrote in Catechesi Tradendae about "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving whatsoever other initiation into the organized religion and still without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian ways maxim 'yes' to Jesus Christ, but let u.s.a. call back that this 'yes' has two levels: Information technology consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, but it besides means, at a later stage, endeavoring to know meliorate—and meliorate the profound meaning of this word."[41]

The modern expression being "born again" is really well-nigh the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published past the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion every bit, "the acceptance of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform one's life to his."[42] To put it more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul 2, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our modernistic globe called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who take never made a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular civilisation, to those who take lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Armed services Order of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal meet with Jesus Christ every bit a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-again feel is not just an emotional, mystical high; the actually of import affair is what happened in the convert'southward life later the moment or menstruation of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and built-in again and renewed in Holy Baptism past the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new man come along and ascend who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins afterwards his baptism has once again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Nascency, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a blithesome experience, in which the private "accepts Christ as Lord" after which faith "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived equally a man because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could effort to live in his image and daily become more like Jesus."[46] Equally such, "eye faith" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary work, to spread the organized religion.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Manufactures of the Anglican Church in article 15, entitled "Of Christ lone without Sin". In part, it reads: "sin, as Due south. John saith, was not in Him. But all we the residue, although baptized and born once again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say nosotros accept no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is non in united states of america."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and built-in again in Christ" occurs in Article 15, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:3.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of 1'southward regeneration, which is of comfort to the believer.[50] The time of one'due south regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches being born again refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to answer to the effectual phone call". According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary ways whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, peculiarly the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God's Spirit, whereby, disarming us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable the states to comprehend Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole crusade of regeneration or beingness born once more is the volition of God. God kickoff sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in consequence of that do we act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will do. Regeneration is a change wrought in u.s. by God, not an autonomous act performed by us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Key Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial salvation (Tit. 3:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:xv, 16)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Nascency], there is a "transformation in the centre of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (2 Cor. 5:17; Col. ane:27)."[3]

Post-obit the New Birth, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation considering it marks the movement toward holiness. That comes with religion."[ane] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that bang-up change which God works in the soul when he brings information technology into life, when he raises information technology from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the first work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Manufactures of Organized religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new birth."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must exist born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Acknowledge Him to your centre. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Nativity contains ii phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new nascence occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two separate and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted consummate absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalty of sin (Romans iii:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought past faith in the claim of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:i). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of man, from the love and life of sin to the love of God and the life of righteousness (ii Corinthians v:17; 1 Peter i:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is born again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who accept been born again, according to Baptist education, know that they are "a child of God considering the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Die Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new nascency (offset piece of work of grace), unabridged sanctification (2d work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced past glossolalia, as the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Nativity, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'due south Witnesses believe that individuals practice not have the power to choose to be born once more, simply that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] But those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born once again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-24-hour interval Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to exist reborn of God.[lxx]

Disagreements betwixt denominations [edit]

The term "built-in again" is used by several Christian denominations, but in that location are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be born-once more Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should ask [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you built-in once more—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has non been properly h2o baptized, he has not been born once again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he as well is "born again." ... However, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either as an infant or when every bit an adult he converted to Catholicism. That's non what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which accept different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at least ii ways.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may accept place at any time in a person's life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automated result of baptism. Second, it is common for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are born over again only subsequently they practice saving religion). By dissimilarity, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and volition to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we tin can do nothing on our own to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to depict its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism past the ability of the water and the spirit. This remains the common understanding in about of Christendom, held, for case, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, sometime subsequently the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression built-in once more [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to ane's ain personal organized religion in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same conventionalities is, historically, as well an integral office of Methodist doctrine,[79] [lxxx] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the volition, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, information technology leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the social club of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With nevertheless others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbor. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given time as "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Built-in again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining religion in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they have been taught as Christians becomes existent, and they develop a directly and personal relationship with God.[83]

Co-ordinate to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to exist judgmental, making a stardom between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the stardom between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the partition between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] unremarkably includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election past grace lonely.[84]

The term born over again has go widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the tardily 1960s, first in the Us and and then effectually the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born once again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used every bit a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again motility.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Born Once more gained international detect. Time mag named him "One of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent and so that during the twelvemonth's presidential campaign, Autonomous party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "born over again" in the beginning Playboy mag interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant office in solidifying the "born again" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to take a "personal come across with God." He recalls:

while I sabbatum lone staring at the bounding main I love, words I had not been sure I could empathize or say roughshod from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my middle. At that place came something more: strength and tranquility, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the United States to publicly declare that he was built-in-again, in 1976.[87] Past the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been built-in once more.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] state that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'built-in-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup System reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-once more or evangelical; the 2004 per centum is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks saying they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more probable to say they are built-in-once more (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Faith and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-once again' identification is associated with lower support for regime anti-poverty programs." It besides notes that "self-reported born-over again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which take been inspired by the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Castilian, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born again".[93]

See as well [edit]

  • Altar telephone call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to forbearance after having had sexual intercourse
  • Kid dedication – Human action of induction of children
  • Jesus motility – Former evangelical Christian motion
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male subsequently Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner'southward prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved 10 April 2014. The new nascence is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Transmission of Organized religion and Practice of Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William W. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-three-11-204424-seven.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision'south California office elaborated on the importance of being "born again," emphasizing a key "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that information technology's not just a matter of going to Christ or being baptized when y'all are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They demand a spiritual rebirth. The demand to be born once more. ...You lot must be born over again before you tin see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the stardom of a born again laic is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert M. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved thirty July 2011. I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:iii-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: Academy of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically meet the first (from to a higher place) and quaternary (once again, afresh) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:iii NET
  11. ^ Jn 3:three NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn ane:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn one:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, iii:ix, 4:seven, 5:eighteen
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Abroad the Veil: To See Beyond the Pall of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-viii.
  19. ^ 1Peter i:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[1]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Book Iii - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Dictionary. xxx July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Adult female in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church building, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [two]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John i-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Printing, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John 3:5
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John ane-iv, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter 1:4
  35. ^ Ephesians 4:25
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  37. ^ CCC 1272
  38. ^ CCC 1989
  39. ^ CCC 1260
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascency, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's teaching on being built-in again, and statement that it is fundamental to Christianity.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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